On the Dole: The Effects of Economic Recession on Employment

There is a lot of talk about economic recession nowadays. People are complaining how economic recession is making their lives worse. The economic recession often refers to the two quarters of negative economic growth. A severe recession which lasts for more than two years, becomes a depression.

A recession is characterised by rising unemployment, increase in government borrowing, decrease of share and stock prices, and falling investment. All of these characteristics have effects on people.

People have a general understanding of the recessions’ negative effects. But how does an ordinary consumer get affected by a recession, employment in particular is not really clear.

John Schmitt and Dean Baker released a new report on the possible impact of the recession on What We’re In For, Projected Economic Impact of the Next Recession this year. In their report, the 2008 recession in United States is perceived to raise the national employment rate between 2.1 and 3.8 percentage points. This would be an equivalent of between 3.2 million and 5.8 million unemployed Americans. CalculatedRisk stated, based on this report and United States’ recession history, that economic downturn can be measured in how high the unemployed number of people rises.

Based from the United States recession history, there had been a handful of times when the unemployment rate has risen during an expansion. Unemployment had risen by 0.5 percent or and there were instances that it is less. But this scenarios happen when the country is not under any economic downfall. When the unemployment percentage reaches 0.6 percent, the economy is described to be under a recession. This year, the U.S. unemployment rate is nearly 1.1 percent.

Economists, until now have not yet formally labelled the economic downturn of the United States as an economic recession. Amidst falling home equity, the rising cost of food, health care and housing along with disturbing number of unemployment, economists is still claiming that there is still growth in the economy, even though it is small. People found it unnecessary for a formal announcement to actually feel the recession coming in.

According to Miami Herald, people unemployed are starting get desperate. The number or people out of work for six months or more increased from 160,000 from July to August. There are 10.7 percent of people who would like to have a full time job but
are unable to do so. Due to unavailability of working positions.

It does not matter if you have a college degree under your belt. College graduates this year are also experiencing the highest unemployment rate since 2004 with 2.7 percent. Meanwhile, 9.6 percent of high school graduates are unemployed and this figure is also highest rate since 1996.

Most of the job losses are in the manufacturing sector, which lost 61,000 jobs this year. In the manufacturing industry, Miami Herald cited 20 percent of job loss even though the export numbers are increasing.

Even though the pay or salary is increasing, a 3.6 percent increase compared to 2007 salary, it is insufficient compared to the fast rate of increase in the prices of primary commodities. The consumers’ buying power is still low. Food and beverage costs are 5.8 percent higher than 2007.

For those who were left employed and thanking their lucky stars, there is still a hitch. Companies are already cutting the health coverage for their employees. Currently, $694 and $3,281, respectively, according to the most recent data by the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Economic recession is an event which is very difficult for everybody. Hopefully, the real economic status will be recognized immediately to be properly addressed and solve.

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Young and Jobless: The Effects of Economic Recession on the Youth

Economic recession not only affects those who belong in the working class or the generation involved in labor. Children and the youth are getting affected by economic recession and poverty so much, that these children sometimes never acts their age or sometimes so insecure of their surroundings.

According to the United Nations World Youth report, youth (with ages 18- 24 years old) is 18 percent of the world population. Meanwhile, the youth is also 25 percent of working age population. Last 2007, there were more than 1.2 billion people in the world who belonged to this age group.

Youth are two to three times more likely than adults to be unemployed. The situation is particularly critical for young women, who suffer higher rates of unemployment than young men in the majority of economies. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), youth in both industrialized and developing countries are more likely to be working long hours, on short-term contracts, low pay and with little or no social protection at all.

Youth who enter the workforce with limited prospects, like underdeveloped and inadequate education, have the high probability of facing unemployment, whether it is short or long term, intermittent spells of unemployment and low- wage jobs.

There are more than1 billion youth people aged between15 to 24 are unemployed. A large percentage (85 percent) would be from developing countries. There are 160 million people unemployed globally right now, according to ILO, and nearly 40 percent of this number comes from the youth sector.

Most of the employed youth would be working with short term employment. The casualisation or contractualisation of the youth sector or making the youth work shorter terms affects the benefits or social protection they get from employers. This explains why many of the employed youth are working without or little protection.

Most of the world’s youth are working in the informal economy. In Latin America, almost all newly created jobs employing youth are in the informal economy. While in Africa, 93 percent of all new jobs are also informal. Workers in informal sectors usually work long hours, low pay, with poor working conditions. They don’t have access to social protection or benefits and any freedom for associations, organizations or unions and collective bargaining.

There are also recession effects on the college students. During recessions, the economic out put is decreasing. What the government do is that they reduce taxes, while increasing the government safety net on spending. Because of this, education budgets were harder to make.

These government safety net on spending, constraints the daily education of the students. Course offerings, programs, and student activities may suffer budget cuts as programs compete for less education funds. Funding opportunities for student loans, scholarships, school employment, and aid may also weaken. During budget cuts, less education budget will lead to higher tuition fees to finance the missing funds. This case is particularly true for state subsidized institutions and public schools.

Due to poverty and difficult times, there are numbers showing that the youth are forced to enter low-paid and high risk jobs with little social protection. Faced with poverty and better job opportunities, our youth are forced to gamble their health and physical strength.

There can be numerous ways for an economic recession to deeply cut on our youth. There is a large number of young people currently unemployed, and unemployment greatly affects even the attitude of our youth. Unemployment can to marginalization, exclusion, frustration and even low-esteem.

It is important to save our youth from the impeding crises. Establishing youth employment policies and sound economic policies are great ways to start it.

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Redundant Women: The Effects of Economic Recession on Women

Economic recession is defined to be a period of time (two consecutive quarters) where there is dismal or negative growth in an economy of a specific region or country. Economic recession has different effects on each sector of a nation. A particular sector could experience an impact that could distinctive only in his or her sector.

Women comprises half of the world’s population. During recessions, there is a relative downturn on women’s employment that ever before. Before the United States’ recession in 2001, women were not greatly affected by the economic recession. However, after the 2001 recession in the United States, omen started losing a lot of jobs.

Women also experience low employment rates. Families rely on women’s employment to boost the family income during a recession. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics:

1. When women lose jobs, families lose a substantial share of the income. Women salaries are said to be one third of the whole family budget.

2. Over the past 30 years, families who have a working wife have seen real increases in family income.

3. During the 2001 recession, women were hit harder by unemployment than men.

4. After the recession of 2001, women were able to get back to their jobs but where unable to gain or experience any increase in their employment rates.

5. Women are said to be harder hit by the 2008 recession since women are disproportionately represented in state and local government services.

Women are also greatly affected by job losses during economic recession. Women are said to be the last person to be hired, but the last person to be fired. Unlike women, men shows stable numbers since United States had experienced the economic recession

Between March 2001 and August 2004, women lost jobs in a number of key industries. Women lost 347,000 jobs in information alone. In retail industries, women lost 367,000 jobs. The biggest lost will be in the manufacturing industry which cost women over a million jobs. These numbers are just in the United States alone.

Unemployment rate among adult women workers rise faster compared to men workers. From 3.8 percent in March 2007 it went up to 4.6 percent in March 2008. There is also a significant effect on the wage of women compared to men. Women’s wages are more unstable than men’s wages.

Women have the tendency or risk of seeing large drops in income than men do. It has been culturally imbedded (based on gender analysis of events) that women’s income just fill in the disparity of men’s wage in terms of providing for the family. Thus women’s wage not being a major source of funds is more at risk of deduction.

In developing countries, women are facing poverty brought about by economic recession blowing out of proportions. With lack of work opportunities and immense poverty, women are forced to enter into prostitution and white slavery.

When economic recession hit in Asia in mid- 1997, women was the hardest hit by the crisis. Many women who have entered these industries come from rural areas because they could no longer sustain themselves and their families. Because of the recession, a lot of employees were released from their work. Women, carrying the burden of providing for their families were provided no other options.

Southeast Asian countries were deeply affected by the financial crisis and were left with social scars. Whenever economic recession or crisis similar to this happens, women and children bear the scars.

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Far-Reaching Economic Recession

In mid-2008, we might be facing an economic recession in global proportions. There are important factors that caused this economic slowdown. These include the high oil prices which will lead to high prices of food. Since food production is dependent on the production process and transportation process on oil. This will be combined with the credit crisis and an increase in unemployment.

As early as January of 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) already predicted that global economic growth will decline. It would be greatly affected by the United Stated Economy.

The IMF mentioned that the economic recession in the United States will be affected greatly by the financial market conditions and the continuing correction in the U.S. housing market. IMF predicted that the United States will have a mild recession in 2008 but will recover, although modest, in 2009.

Meanwhile, global growth would achieve little recovery in 2009, there is a 25 percent chance that the global economy would record 3 percent or less of growth in 2008 and 2009. This is already like saying that the world will encounter a recession.

United Nations has also predicted the same thing to happen. According to UN, the world economy growth was remarkable in 2007. There are more than 100 economies tat reported to have an increase of 3 percent. Meanwhile, developing countries are also showing promises. The economic growth average in developing countries was almost 70 percent.

But UN Conference on Trade and Development stated that there is clear disaster or danger for the world economy to standstill in 2008. The UN report stated that this economic standstill will hit many poor nations and would definitely end the boom in economic growth.

The United States economic decline on 2008 will greatly affect the global economy. Being one of the largest economy in the world. Some reckless practices has brought the looming recession in the United States; no down payment, no verification of income/ assets/ jobs, interest rate mortgages, negative amortization, and teaser rates. Approximately 50 to 60 percent of the loans made in the banks were done through these reckless practices.

Economic recessions are not only distinct in the United States. European countries are also getting affected by economic slowdown. Denmark was confirmed to be in a recession. The economic growth in Denmark declined by 0.6 percent in the first quarter of the year. While Estonia and Latvia both entered recession in the second quarter of the year. While Sweden showed zero growth in the second water of 2008.

The British economy is also being hit by rising oils prices and credit crisis. Telltale signs that the British economy is entering recession, when the housing market fell in 2007. In the next quarter, the housing market went down twice its former figure. Currently the economic growth in United Kingdom is zero. This would be next to the negative economic growth that happened in second quarter of 1992. The current slowdown has ended 16 years of continuous economic growth, the longest period of economic expansion in Britain since the 19th century.

Economic crisis is also happening in New Zealand whose economy’s growth declined by 0.3 percent. Meanwhile in Australia, consumer confidence fell into a 16 year low economic growth in July. South Africa is being warned that it will enter a recession by this year. Japan has experienced a drop in economic growth, the first time in five years. Meanwhile, Canada’s economic growth has shrank in the first quarter of the year.

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The History of the American Economic Recession

This year, there have been murmurs that the United States is entering, again, into an economic recession. Although the National Bureau of Economic Research still has not release any formal announcement regarding this, American people are starting to experience an economic slowdown and a downturn in their financial and personal life.

This would not be the first time that the United States would experience an economic recession. According to economists, since 1854, the United States has encountered 32 cycles of expansions and contractions (boom and bust). There would be and average of 17 months of contraction an 38 months of expansion. However, since 1980 there have been only eight periods of negative economic growth over one quarter or more.

There were three period considered to recessions:

January- July 1980 and July 1981- November 1982: two years in total
July 1990- March 1991: eight months
November 2001- November 2002: twelve months

The longest record for an American economic boom was 37 quarters during 1991 until 2000.

The first economic recession happened in 1819. It greatly affected the new nation. After the War of 1812, the American economy was experiencing monetary strains. In 1814, during the term of President Madison, he allowed a replacement of a national bank. This enabled the post-war economy to boom. Although in 1817, there were some financial irregularities and irresponsibility. Americans started buying extravagant amounts of western lands- more than they can afford. The government started selling the land on credit.

On 1819, the government started to demand payment from the loans. During this time, the economy is starting to slow down. The market growth could no longer be sustained, the demands of American products are starting to wane. This led to a wave of bankruptcies and foreclosures. Land owners found themselves unable to pay their government debts and debts in the banks, leading to repossessing of lands.

After the 1817 recession, another recession in 1837 followed. With this recession, in just two months time, the economic decline accumulated to nearly $100,000,000 in value. There were reportedly 343 banks that closed (out of the 850 banks). While 62 banks reported partial failure.

There were recessions that happened in 1857, 1873, 1893 and 1907. The 1907 economic recession was a financial crisis. Nearly 50 percent of the stock market fell from its peak in 1906. It’s primary cause was a retraction of loans by some banks that began in New York City and soon spread into the whole country. The 1907 recession was the fourth recession in 34 years.

The post-World War I recession hit not only the United States but much of the countries globally. Pre-war economy was showing fast economic growth. As a matter of fact, the decade before the war, the world economy was growing record high. After the war, the global economy stated to decline. The sharpest or worst decline was during 1921. the recession was a result of the end of wartime production along with the return of the troops without any employment. Global production was also affected by the war, especially those countries whose industries were shattered by the war.

What followed was known as the Great Depression that occurred from 1929 until 1939. It is the most dramatic, worldwide economic landslide. It affected not only industrialized countries b out also nations who rely in exporting their raw materials. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the world.

Five recessions in the United States followed after the Great Depression. It was the recession during 1953, 1957, early in the 1980s, early during 1990s and early 2000.

The early 2000 economic recession was not felt only in the United States, but was experienced in most Western Countries. The European Union was mostly hit during 2000 and 2001. While the United states was affected mostly during 2002 and 2003.

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How to Save in Times of Economic Recession

Economic recession is gripping the country. This can be seen in the job losses and the rapidly increasing cost of living in the United States. This is perhaps why the upcoming elections is all the more crucial as it would determine just who will be “unlucky” enough to preside over such a messy economic condition. But politics aside, there are ways to survive the economic recession while the race to the elections is still going on. Here are some tips on how to deal with this cashless scenario.

1. Don’t waste food
Food like veggies and bread may not be as expensive as other products such as meat, fish and rice but this does not mean that you can waste it or throw the food away. Teach your kids to get only the food that they can eat and if they want more, they can always get a second helping. This way, no food is wasted especially now that you can’t afford to throw away food.

2. Plan your meals
Plan your meals ahead by making a dish schedule at home. This will allow you to determine what to buy at the groceries at a particular time. Having a schedule also allows you to know how much is needed so that you will not be buying more than you can chew literally.

In planning meals, make sure also that you include dishes that is more or less similar in ingredients. That way, you can buy in bulk for the rest of the week, which is less costly, but will be able to use the ingredients in multiple dishes.

3. Learn to recycle food
Food can be eaten the next day. Just put it inside the refrigerator after eating and then reheat it the next day. Make sure though that you use serving spoon for the dishes to avoid spoilage. Practice clean hygiene too when you are eating to also minimize spoilage.

If your family do not want to eat the same dish for the next day, be creative and whip up a new dish using the old one that you cooked. Some people fry or grill the dish or use the dish as an ingredient into another dish. It’s up to you.

4. Walk!
With the rising prices of gas, a kilometer can cost you a lot! So, bring out those rubber shoes and prepare to walk those blocks. If you are just going to visit a neighbor or just buying bread from the local store a couple of blocks away, use the trip to do some brisk walking. Doing this will save your money and will also save you from illnesses. Remember that walking is a very good exercise. Not only does it help in building the muscles in the legs and in keeping people fit, it also strengthens the lungs and the heart.

5. Save on water and electricity
You may not realize it but you may be paying more for your utilities than most people with the same number of people in your households. So, don’t waste those water and electricity. Turn off the lights when you leave the room or when you are going to sleep. Put your television sets in sleep mode or on automatic shut off. When it comes to water, shut off the faucet when you are soaping your hands.

That way, you are not wasting money paying off utilities that you are not actually using. This will go a long long way when it comes to dealing with economic recession.

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How to Survive in an Economic Recession

A country’s economy is a cycle. Sometimes it’s at the top and sometimes it’s below. Being at the lower part of the cycle is what you may have heard and read over and over again in televisions and newspapers as economic recession.

An economic recession is characterized by weakening business environment where there is low demand and in turn lower production. Most of the time, this results to a high inflation rate, which in lay man’s term is the lowering of the value of one’s money. This happens because of the rising costs of food and other retail items in the country. The same number of items that you can buy with for instance a hundred dollars will not be the same as number of items that you used that with years ago.

An economic recession, when it charges forth without any intervention can wreak havoc in a country’s overall economic health. It can lead to the loss of jobs, closure of businesses and rising costs of living. This is what the United States is currently feeling right now. 2008 has not been a good year for the country with large losses in its real estate industry as well as in other business sectors. Many lost their jobs and had their homes foreclosed because of non-payment of monthly fees. The country is also feeling the burden of skyrocketing oil prices as well as food and living costs.

With the United States as one of the main driving forces of global economy, their slowdown is felt all over the world. Countries which they have business interests have also suffered economic slow downs. The dollar which is being used in transactions all over the world is also weakening, affecting people who have either invested in the American currency or those who use it for their business. Often, in this scenario, those who are in the export business are affected by this as they are given dollars as payment for the products that they manufacture.

But don’t get worried. Although the economic recession may seem hard to deal with, it is not impossible to do. In fact when you really think about it, the whole family can actually do their part in saving during these economic recession times. Here are some ways:

1. Involve the whole family
You are not only one who should be saving during these hard times. Doing this should actually be something that the whole family should be doing. This way, you can be sure that everyone is pulling their weight. Saving as a family will also help keep the family closer in this hard times.

2. Explain the situation
You may not realize it but young children are actually smarter than they let on. When they are given a clear explanation, they will understand the situation and will even act on their own volition. You don’t have to constantly remind them or order them about. Explaining the situation will also allow your kids to feel that they are needed and that they can do something significant for the family. As young as they are, they also like to feel that they are needed.

3. Be a role model
Asking your children and other family members to save up when you are not is a bad way to encourage them. Make sure that you serve as a good role model to them by doing your part and making sure that they see you doing your part in this economic recession.

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How to Survive the Economic Recession

People in the prehistoric times are not the only ones in survival mode. Nowadays, people all over the world especially in the United States are feeling the heat of the prevailing economic recession. With the sudden downturn of the economy, a lot of people are more hard up than they were in previous years. Some have even lost their jobs or have lost their homes because of the real estate crash in recent months. The problem with rising costs of gas has also affected the prices of food and other products. Times right now are tighter and harder.

But this is not to say that times are impossible to survive on. In fact, with a little creativity and a lot of forbearance, you can actually ride the economic recession tide and come out the victor. In this survival game, the most likely to survive are those who are willing to change their lifestyle and adapt to the times. Here are some ways to survive the economic recession:

1. Save!
This is not the time to buy, buy and buy in the excess. Buy only those that you feel you can eat or use. Do not buy more than you need. That way, you can be sure that you will not be wasting food. If you don’t need additional clothes or things at home, don’t buy any. Save your money for other things that you will be needing in case emergency times are called for.

Saving does not only mean saving money but also saving in electricity, gas and water. You may not realize it but these are things that get a large chunk from your monthly expenses. The same goes with clothes and snacks. This is the time to scrimp. People will not think less of you when you do that.

2. Plan ahead.
You may not want to become an obsessive-compulsive but there are a lot of advantages to being one. Planning ahead and keeping the household organized can help save you some money in utilities, gas and even food. Planning your meals for instance will help you determine just how much you need to purchase at the grocery stores. The same goes with the gas that you use when you cook food or the electricity that you consume when you use the microwave over.

Planning meals allow you to cook food at the same time. This saves energy big time. Designating a day to go to the laundry shop, the bank, the groceries and to do other errands will allow you to save on gas by going on one road trip instead of going on multiple trips to town. You can even plan your trips in between sending your kids to school.

3. Partner with your neighbors
If kids in your neighborhood go to the same school, ask the mothers to form some sort of group that will take turns sending the kids to school and fetching them afterwards. This will not only allow you to do more during the day, it will also save in gas as the kids travel in a carpool. If this is not viable, considering getting your kids into a school bus.

This way, you can be sure that your kid is safe and of course, school buses are cheaper than driving your kids to school everyday, truly a good option for kids in this time of economic recession.

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How Can You Survive During an Economic Recession

An economic slowdown can happen at any time so you should be prepared for it. Here a few tips so you don’t get caught with your pants down until things get better.

1. If you are in debt, get out as quickly as possible. If you need help, see if you can consult with a financial adviser who can help set your budget for you.

2. You should also switch your bills to cheaper services. This includes electricity, gas, mobile phone, television broadband packages, insurance and maybe even your bank account.

3. There should also be cuts in daily spending. If you buy a lot in the grocery, see to it that you finish whatever there is first before you decide to replenish it. If there are items in promo, buy them instead of what you buy usually because they could be just as good or even better than what you are used to getting.

4. See if you can get free samples. This may sound silly but you are sure to find a few every time you visit the grocery. You can also cut out some vouchers in magazines and then redeem it on your next visit.

5. For those who go to work, instead of going out and having lunch, make it at home then bring it with you to the office. This includes coffee which you can put in a flask if there isn’t any being offered.

6. You should also conserve on energy by lowering your electricity bills and fuel costs. Perhaps you can ask your boss if you can work at home two or three times a week. If this is not possible, see if you can carpool with someone from the office.

7. If you own a large vehicle, perhaps it is time to sell it or trade it in for a smaller one because of better mileage.

8. As for your electricity, see if you can change your light bulbs to those with lower wattage. Perhaps you can also put your heater down by one degree, reinsulated the place or stop drafts coming from the windows and doors.

9. Reducing your expenses are not the only ways to survive an economic recession. You can also make money by selling some stuff in a garage sale or renting out a spare room if there is someone out there who needs a place to stay.

10. If you work in an industry that gets badly hit when cash is tight, perhaps it is time to switch to another career that is more stable.

11. Since that will take some time and you will have to go to school for awhile, you can also engage in some other business on the side like bake cookies or sell some of your vegetables in your garden. Everyone has a niche so you just have to know what it is.

12. The last thing you can do to survive an economic recession is to take advantage of the situation. If you have the money, invest in long term investments so you can sell it when the economy has improved.

An economic recession is a fact of life and this often lasts for months, which is why it is better to be prepared. You should remember that your ability to stay financially stable is the only way you can deal with a potential loss of income and also inflated prices.

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How Can Your Business Survive an Economic Recession

Your business will surely be affected during an economic recession. If you don’t find ways to make it ride out the storm, chances are you will have to file for bankruptcy and close. Fortunately, there are things you can do to keep it afloat.

Remember that the heart of every business is customer service. If you give special treatment to your customers, these people will leave feeling satisfied and always come back. This is something that your employees must understand because if they don’t, these individuals will be the first one to go since you have to cut back on your expenses.

One way of doing that is to reeducate your employees. You can hold seminars on customer service or simply give them a refresher course of the products and services that you are offering because this will impress the customer the moment they walk in through the door.

You should also motivate them because good morale always achieves positive results. Being the owner of the business, you should lead by example by rendering longer hours at work. If they see you are doing whatever it takes to stay afloat, they will do the same because again, their jobs are on the line and they could be dismissed if things get worse.

Most businesses think that letting people go is always the first option. You don’t have to make the same mistake when these reductions can be made elsewhere as long as quality is not compromised. If you have to buy things, see if you can get longer credit periods or better rates so large expenses can become smaller ones making it easy to manage.

It is always nice to have customers pay in cash but during an economic recession, that is hard for the consumer so if you don’t use a credit card machine yet, now will be a good time to get one. Studies have shown that more people will be able to buy from you using a credit card especially during a time of financial downturn.

The objective of any business is to make money so part of surviving an economic recession will be also to lower your profit margins. By informing your customers of this move, they will be able to buy more at a very reasonable price. You can raise prices again when things get better since such a crisis is only temporary.

Instead of relying on people coming through your door, you can also look at other ways to promote your business. One of the most affordable ones to date is the internet so create your own website. If you can’t do this on your own, hire someone to do it and then make sure that is it both attractive and interactive.

Other businesses are also feeling the crunch and they are also doing their best to stay afloat. Ask around what they are doing and share the same information as well so you will have other ideas and options when the ones you have right now are not working.

We are not yet out of the woods in the recent economic recession. A lot of people are still losing their jobs and their homes, which is why it is important for you to take the steps mentioned rather than doing nothing and hoping for a miracle.

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